In 1980 Marvel launched the Epic range of comics. Edited by Archie Goodwin and aimed at a more adult audience, these high quality comicbooks allowed the creators much more scope and artwork in the comics was very different from the standard Marvel comic. The X- Men comic written by Chris Claremont at the time was climaxing in it's long running Dark Phoenix story line and was topping the comicbook sales list. The popularity of mutants led to a whole range of new mutant comics Including Dazzler in 1981 a mutant pop star. and the government sanctioned Canadian superteam of mutant and non mutant heroes, Alpha Flight in August 1983 created by Canadian John Byrne and originally guest stars in the X- Men comic. Frank Miller took over the writing and art for Daredevil in 1981. His gritty style and stories of street crime and gangsters took the comic to new heights. In 1982 Marvel published it's first proper Graphic Novel. The Death of Captain Marvel by Jim Starlin set the standard for the many Marvel Graphic Novels Since. Marvel's forth Graphic Novel introduced the New Mutants the next generation of X- Mutants from Xavier's school. The story continued in The New Mutants own series written by Chris Claremont and quickly became one of the most popular Marvel titles. Louise Simonson soon took the magazine over and also wrote Power Pack a team of even younger mutant heroes. Secret Wars was released in May 1984 and answered readers requests for the ultimate team up comic. The series was a twelve issue Ltd series and featured a new black costume for Spiderman that he made from an alien machine, the costume was later to evolve into Spiderman's nemesis Venom. Marvel continued with some drastic character changes, the Hulk once again became grey, Angel Lost his wings and the Avengers founded a West Coast group. In 1986 Marvel's New Universe was born. Focused around eight different titles totally unrelated to the Marvel Universe the series was never very popular and petered out after a couple of years. In the 1987 Amazing Spiderman Annual Spidey married his long time sweetheart Mary Jane Watson opening the way for writers to explore the married life of a superhero. The end of the decade saw a huge amount of Ltd series and crossover story lines especially amongst the popular mutant titles the Marvel Universe had become so expansive that stories where bursting from the pages and the appetite of the fans could not seem to be sated by any amount of published comics.